Useful & harmful activities of bacteria

Useful & harmful activities of bacteria :-

1.       Role of bacteria in agriculture in increasing soil fertility :-

Some of free living nitrogen fixing aerobic bacteria like Azotobacter  & Clostridium have the capacity of fixing atmospheric nitrogen substances , hence increase soil fertility .All nitrogen fixing bacteria have ‘nif’ genes

2.       Dairy Industry :- 

Lactic acid bacteria convert lactose of milk into lactic acid & hence milk turn sour

3.       Role of bacteria in other industries :-

 In vinegar industry . Acetobacter aceti converts sugar solution into acetic acid

4.       Role In bacteria in medicines :- 

Antibiotics like penicillin obtained from fungus Penicillin notatum.which check growth of gram +ve bacteria

5.       Role of bacteria in sewage disposal :- 

Sewage is houseful or industrial water borne wastes, for the breakdown of sewage into simple substances, bacteria and algae play important role

6.       Role of bacteria in petroleum pollution :- 

  Petroleum pollution in water bodies is checked upto some extent by Pseudomonas

7.       In Human being :- 

E.Coli bacteria live in colon region in intestine of man and other animal and play an important role in digestion process

Harmful Activities :-

a.       Disease :- 

Most of the pathogenic bacteria are Gram +ve , rod-shaped & non-spore forming causing anthrax & tetanus are endospore forming or spore forming

b.      Cotton Spoilage :-

 it is done by bacteria called Spirochaete cytophage

c.       Food –poisioning :-

 it is done by a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum

d.      Reduction of soil fertility :-

 There are some denitrifying bacteria in soil, which converts nitrates into free nitrogen