CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

Most cells generate ATP and other high energy compounds by breaking down carbohydrates , especially glucose

Only glucose circulates in blood .The normal glucose concentration in human blood is 100 mgrm/100 ml of blood i.e, 0.1% of blood

Respiratory substrate yielding maimum number of ATP molecules is glucose

GLYCOGENESIS :-

• The process of glycogen formation from glucose is known as glycogenesis
• In mammals glucose Is stored in form glycogen in liver & skeletal muscles
• Glycogen is an important energy reserve that can be broken down

GLYCOGENOLYSIS :-

• Glycogen can be broken down to glucose when the need arises, this process is called glycogenolyis,  a process stimulated by glycagon & epinephrine
• Glycogenolysis is the hydrolytic breakdown of glycogen a process just reserve to glycogenesis
• Glycogenolysis occurs Mainly in liver to maintain blood sugar level in between meals

GLUCONEOGENESIS :-

• Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose or glycogen from noncarbohydrates precursors such as lactic acid, glycerol or amino acid
• Fatty acid & many amino acids cannot be used
•  For Gluconeogenesis, because their catabolic pathways produce acetyl CoA
• Gluconeogenesis occurs chiefly in liver to maintain blood sugar when dirt is deficient in carbohydrates
• Gluconeogenesis is the catabolism of proteins and lipids in liver to yield glucose
• Like Glycogenolysis , Gluconeogenesis adds glucose to the blood thereby helping to maintain normal blood glucose level

GLYCOLYSIS  :-

• Glycolysis is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvic acid through Embden-Meyerhof pathway
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm , it is first phase in the breakdown of glucose..