Angiosperms & Character

Angiosperms & Character :-

- Angiosperms are also called angio-spermatophyta or Anthophyta
- Their Seed present in fruit
- Male & Female gametophyte present inside flower
- These plant are found everywhere in earth
- There leaf venation may have parellel or reticulate type
- In These xylem fiber (Libriform fibers) Present
- True Vessel are present in these plant
- Their stamen may have bilateral symmetry, Having bilobed pollen grain
- In These proper exine are formed
- Zoophily type pollination are shown by these plant ,
- These plant having Colourful petal, fragnance smell, sticky pollen grain
- Highly receptive stigma present
- No Archegonial chamber present
- Their ovule are covered by double
layer integument
- These plant show double fertilization, which results in triple fusion
- These plant have highly reduced female gametophyte
- These plant ovule are 7-celled & 8 Nucleate gametophyte

# Paleobotany :-

In these we study Recovery & identification of plant remain
- Acc. To paleobotanical , angiosperms came in jurassic period & Cretaceous period period & As temperature changes many of modification occur in angiosperms, so it show many of modification & diversification
# Theory About Origin Ogf Angiosperms :-

1. In Paleozoic Period :-

- Here 10,000 old plant laphius seed are found in artic & antartic region
- Many of pollen found in Carboniferous rock
Note :- In these era only micro fossil found not macro fossil

2. In Pre-cretaceous Era :-

- Cornet (1986), Sanmiguella Lewissi firstly found macros fossil of angiosperms
- Secondary, Another angiosperm fossil of Archaenthus Linnenbergeri are found
- This Acc. to Sun et al. discovered oldest angiosperms reported Are Archaefrust.

3. In Lower -cretaceous era :-

in these era there is evidence of development of wood,fruit, leaf & Venation many modification seems
- In These Era only diversification of plant are seen

4. In upper Cretaceous era :-

In These era , their is evidence of angiosperms presence in earth along with fern & Gymnosperm