SUSPENSION SYSTEM

SUSPENSION SYSTEM

@ function of suspension system :-

     - it provide comfort to occpantal
- it always maintain the grip between tyre and road
- it supports the weight of the vehicle
- it provide cushioning damage to the vehicle against shock due to road roughness by giving a minimum up and down movement to the frame
- it takes the driving and braking torque of the vehicle

# types of suspension spring :-

   * leaf spring
* Coil spring
  leaf spring consist of long and flat flexible plate mack of spring . each plate is called leaf. the leaf spring may be of single leaf type or multi leaf type . the multi leaf spring several leaf are placed one on another held together by clamp and a centre bolt the leaf spring used for suspension system have elliptical shaped . there are following type ofd leaf spring
- semi elliptic leaf spring' :-
       these fitted on rear axle . a number of smaller leaf are clamped together with a main leaf. there is an U bolt which fits the spring on axle. the front end of the spring is mounting on a rigid support with the help of pins, the rear end is mounted on a shackle . which gives flexible connection , when a vehicle cross a bunk or a hole on the road the wheel move up or down causing deflection in the spring
- full elliptic  leaf spring :-
        two semi ellptuc leaf spring are connected in such a wayu that one is fitted in inverted position
- Quarter elliptic leaf spring ;-
         it is half of the semi elliptic leaf spring placed in inverted position
- tranvserse elliptic leaf spring :-
      when a semi ellptic spring is fitted in inverted position is called transverse leaf spring . it is used above front axle , fitted parellel to it

@ coil spring :-

       the coil spring is made of a layer of a spring steel rod which is round in cross section by winding it in shape of coil . the construction of a soil spring . the advantages of using coil spring in place of leaf spring are
- it does not produce noise
- it store more energy per unit volume then leaf spring

@ Shock absorber :-

      when a soft spring is used it will give more vibration to a vehicle body and chasis , thus causes comfort to the occpantal , if a hard spring is used , it will not provide cushioning under small load. so, such a device is needed which can dampen the vibration this damping effect is provided by the shock absorber

# construction :-

       the construction of telescopic type of shock absorber , consist of a tube in which a cylinder is placed . there is a pace between tube and the cylinder. a piston is attach to a piston rod. the piston has two small holes, each having one way valve
              opening of pump valve allows the fluid to flow upper side of the piston and opening of rebound valve allows the fluid towards the lower side  of the fluid

@ working :-

     when a vehicle comes across a bump. the two eyes come closer to each other fluid in the lower chamber of the pistonm under pressure as a fluid in incompressible . it pusses the bump valve upward and the the fluid starts to flow towards upper chamber . also the volume of the upper chamber is less due to the volume of rod

# function of shock absorber :-

      - it provide damping effect to sudden shock provided due to road roughness
- it helps the suspension system to maintain road tyre contact
- it provides comfort to the occupants of the vehicle

@ independent suspension :-

     there sre two ways to using suspension with rigid axle and independent axle. while rigid axle suspension . the supension spring are put on arigid axle on which the wheel are mounted. the drawback of using this system is that while taking turn of coming across a bump. the whole of the vehicle is tilted  
                 this also result in loss of sterring control to avoid this independent suystem is used. in this system the wheel coming across the bump rise only and the vehicle chasis and body remain straight
i ) Mac pherson strut independent suspension system :-
      a strut is used forr cushioning which consist of a coil spring and sjock absorber one end of struct is fixed on chasis frame and other end with body
ii) Wishbone independent suspension system :-
     there are two V shaped arms on the cross member each arm is a wish bone . a coil spring and shock absorber assembly is put between the lower wishbone and cross member
iii) vertical sliding pillar type of independent suspension system :-
        this type of arrangement the king pin is elongated and a coil spring shock absorber assembly is fitted between the knucle and upper steering bar . the king pin can slide up and down when a load applied on the wheel