GLASSES AND CERAMICS
1. Glass :-
glass is an amorphous , hard, brittle, transparent material , generally denated as super cooled liquid with infinite viscosity obtained by fusing of mixture of number metallic silicates
# Amorphous solid :-
- these are those solid which have no definite melting point
- Arrangement of molecule os irregular
- On cut they doesnot give regular cut
# General Properties of glass :-
- these are amorphous solid
- they are affected by alkalis
- They are not affected by air
- they are very brittle
- this soften on heating
- Most important of glass is they absorb , reflect or transmit light
@ Types of glass :-
i) Soft glass :-
these are chiepest glass as ever ,having properties of devitrification and relatively resistant to water, and easily affected by acid, it is also caleed soda lime
# uses :-
* making window glass
* Electric bulb
ii) Hard glass :-
these are some what better glass , posses high melting point,and less chemical stability toward acid, this is also called potash lime
# Uses :-
* In making apparatus
* In making combustion tube
iii) Flint Glass :-
thes glass made from lead oxide with silica , these are composition about K20.Pb0.6SiO2, these glass are pretty expensive glass , these having high refractive index , shows no reactivity toward glasses these is also called lead glass
# Uses :-
* making tablewares
* making lenses
* making electrical insulators
iv) jena glass :-
mostest hard glass as found , made by silica and boron with alumina and some alkali oxide, these are also called pyrex glass or borosilicate glass
#Uses :-
* pipeline for corrosive liquid
* Making borosilicate glasses
* Making inert laboratory apparatus
v) vitreosil :-
these glass are made by heating pure sand of SiO2 upto its melting point which is about 1,750 celcius after that it become transparent, at the time this called clear silica glass , it contain 95% of silica glass
vi) safety glasses:-
these are made from different shhet of glass and between them they have thin layer of vinyl plastic, which make them shock resistance as compare other glass
# Uses :-
* USed in wind shield of VIP car and aeroplane
vii) Optical glasses :-
these are those glasses which contain phosphorous and lead silicatetogether with cerium oxide
# Uses :-
_ for making lense glasses
viii) Insulating glass ;-
this are glass which make by two plates of glass separated by 6 to 13mm distance in which hydrated air stored and edges are sealed ,
# Character :-
- they reamin so cool even in good high temperature on the other side glass
ix) Wired glass :-
these are made by embedding a wire mesh at the centre of the glass sheet during casting
# Uses :-
- these are used to make fire resistant door
x) laminated glass :-
these are made by alternating layer of glass with resin, rubber or etc , these are so strong enough to stop bullet force
# Uses :-
- these are made for making bullet proof glasses
@ Manufacture of glass :-
thereare some components for the glass from which different glasses are made as raw material are
- Na2CO3 = for soft glass
- Potassium, chalk, lime = hard glass
- Zinc oxide and boric acid = shock proof glasses
# Procedure for glass making :-
i) Melting ;-
all raw material goes into furnancewhere it can be heated, some gas also exhaled by furnace during this , after that raw material goes into molten state
ii) Now after melting we have to mould the molten material into desirable shape and size
iii) after moulding we have to left this material to cool gradually till it achieves room temperature
iv) after cooling it get their shape in which they mouled but this time these have some roughy surface or need some improvement so finishing done at last to became them more good and polished
2. Clay ;-
the term clay denoted those material which are highly plastic, wet and on heated it looses it plasticity and become hard enough
@ Plasticity of clay :-
plasticity of clay defined as properties by which it form dough with water and that time it can be easily moulded into any desirable shape
@ White wares :-
these are those components which give white products , chemically they are made up of china clay feldspar and flint, good property of these are they adjust accordingly to finished articles having properties of low porosity, translucency , and good strength when moulded
@ Glazing :-
these are the fine powder consisting mixture of glass forming material of proper composition, these are used to make surface impervious to liquis, to make any surface smooth, to increase surface duability ,
@ Earthenwares :-
these are the clay product which are stone like hard and strong, comparetively softer variety of clay product obtained by burning at low temperature
@ Optical fibres ;-
these are made from low less, low dispersion glass which are strechted till it seems like a thread , it is widely used in this technological era for quick or more quick transmission of data from one to another place , this are of many type as
- monomode fiber ;- they made only one mode of transmission due to smaller inner core as compare wavelength of light
- multimode fiber :- these do many modes of transmission in a single time due to larger diameter as compare to wavelength of light
1. Glass :-
glass is an amorphous , hard, brittle, transparent material , generally denated as super cooled liquid with infinite viscosity obtained by fusing of mixture of number metallic silicates
# Amorphous solid :-
- these are those solid which have no definite melting point
- Arrangement of molecule os irregular
- On cut they doesnot give regular cut
# General Properties of glass :-
- these are amorphous solid
- they are affected by alkalis
- They are not affected by air
- they are very brittle
- this soften on heating
- Most important of glass is they absorb , reflect or transmit light
@ Types of glass :-
i) Soft glass :-
these are chiepest glass as ever ,having properties of devitrification and relatively resistant to water, and easily affected by acid, it is also caleed soda lime
# uses :-
* making window glass
* Electric bulb
ii) Hard glass :-
these are some what better glass , posses high melting point,and less chemical stability toward acid, this is also called potash lime
# Uses :-
* In making apparatus
* In making combustion tube
iii) Flint Glass :-
thes glass made from lead oxide with silica , these are composition about K20.Pb0.6SiO2, these glass are pretty expensive glass , these having high refractive index , shows no reactivity toward glasses these is also called lead glass
# Uses :-
* making tablewares
* making lenses
* making electrical insulators
iv) jena glass :-
mostest hard glass as found , made by silica and boron with alumina and some alkali oxide, these are also called pyrex glass or borosilicate glass
#Uses :-
* pipeline for corrosive liquid
* Making borosilicate glasses
* Making inert laboratory apparatus
v) vitreosil :-
these glass are made by heating pure sand of SiO2 upto its melting point which is about 1,750 celcius after that it become transparent, at the time this called clear silica glass , it contain 95% of silica glass
vi) safety glasses:-
these are made from different shhet of glass and between them they have thin layer of vinyl plastic, which make them shock resistance as compare other glass
# Uses :-
* USed in wind shield of VIP car and aeroplane
vii) Optical glasses :-
these are those glasses which contain phosphorous and lead silicatetogether with cerium oxide
# Uses :-
_ for making lense glasses
viii) Insulating glass ;-
this are glass which make by two plates of glass separated by 6 to 13mm distance in which hydrated air stored and edges are sealed ,
# Character :-
- they reamin so cool even in good high temperature on the other side glass
ix) Wired glass :-
these are made by embedding a wire mesh at the centre of the glass sheet during casting
# Uses :-
- these are used to make fire resistant door
x) laminated glass :-
these are made by alternating layer of glass with resin, rubber or etc , these are so strong enough to stop bullet force
# Uses :-
- these are made for making bullet proof glasses
@ Manufacture of glass :-
thereare some components for the glass from which different glasses are made as raw material are
- Na2CO3 = for soft glass
- Potassium, chalk, lime = hard glass
- Zinc oxide and boric acid = shock proof glasses
# Procedure for glass making :-
i) Melting ;-
all raw material goes into furnancewhere it can be heated, some gas also exhaled by furnace during this , after that raw material goes into molten state
ii) Now after melting we have to mould the molten material into desirable shape and size
iii) after moulding we have to left this material to cool gradually till it achieves room temperature
iv) after cooling it get their shape in which they mouled but this time these have some roughy surface or need some improvement so finishing done at last to became them more good and polished
2. Clay ;-
the term clay denoted those material which are highly plastic, wet and on heated it looses it plasticity and become hard enough
@ Plasticity of clay :-
plasticity of clay defined as properties by which it form dough with water and that time it can be easily moulded into any desirable shape
@ White wares :-
these are those components which give white products , chemically they are made up of china clay feldspar and flint, good property of these are they adjust accordingly to finished articles having properties of low porosity, translucency , and good strength when moulded
@ Glazing :-
these are the fine powder consisting mixture of glass forming material of proper composition, these are used to make surface impervious to liquis, to make any surface smooth, to increase surface duability ,
@ Earthenwares :-
these are the clay product which are stone like hard and strong, comparetively softer variety of clay product obtained by burning at low temperature
@ Optical fibres ;-
these are made from low less, low dispersion glass which are strechted till it seems like a thread , it is widely used in this technological era for quick or more quick transmission of data from one to another place , this are of many type as
- monomode fiber ;- they made only one mode of transmission due to smaller inner core as compare wavelength of light
- multimode fiber :- these do many modes of transmission in a single time due to larger diameter as compare to wavelength of light
No comments:
Post a Comment