Biopesticide & Bioinsecticides

Biopesticide :-

Due to harmful effects of pesticideas on organism , some alternative methods have been adopted called biological pest control , which is one of the suitable method.

Define :-  

it s defined as use of other organism to kill the pests constitute biological pest control and such organism called biospesticide

Bioherbicide :- The first bioherbicide is devive , which is mycoherbicide based on fungus Phtophthora palmivora . it is being used since 1981 to control Morrenia odorata (milkweed vines) in Citrus orchards. Similarly collego is another mycoherbicide from conodia of Collectrotrichum gloeosporioides fungus

Bioinsecticides :-

These include

i.)                  Use of parasites, predaters  &  pathogens :- 

e.g . Control of aphids by use of praying mantis or lady bug i.e,  Mantis . Similarly insects affecting maize , cotton , cabbage , sunflower , etc, are controlled by mutant strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Bacteria

ii.)                 Use of insect Harmone  (Sex attractants ):-

 the insects harmone called pheromones are useful in controlling insects , these pheromones  attract opposite sex insects during breeding season . The natural & synthetic pheromones are now used to attract yhe insects towards death traps  . the orient fruit fly has been eradicated by this method . Similarly ,

gipsy moth, a pest of conifers can be trapped

iii.)               Sterilization Technique :-

 this is modern method of biological control . in this technique , male insects are sterilized by irradiation , these are released at the time of mating hence their multiplication is checked e.g ; Screw worm and red weevil have been checked by this method

iv.)               Uses of natural insecticides :-

 the insecticides of plants or micro-organism origin called natural insecticides these have liitle toxicity for animal e.g , Rotanone , Pyrethrum & Cinerin , Azadirachtin are useful natural insecticides

Note :-  Neem or margosa is most useful natural insecticide . it is resistant to about 200 species of insect, nematodes , mites etc