MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
@ Abrasives :-
these are those substances which used to polishing, cutting, grinding of materials due to its hardness
- there hardness can be measured by Vicher scale in which
1st hardness comes with diamond then corundum, topaz, quartz and last one is talc
@ Diamond :-
hardest ever material found on earth, these are chemically inert and transparent in colour, due to its very refractive index it seems its shine
@ Corundum :-
it is crystallined form of aluminium oxide , it not much hard as diamond but hard enough to act as abrasive
@ Garnets :-
these are another form aluminium ,which is in form of trisilicaates of alumina
@ Quartz :-
these are made up of SiO2 unit
@ Some Artificial Abrasives :-
- Alundum :-
these are made up of mixture of calcined bauxite and coke with iron
- Carborundum :-
these are mixture of silica with carbon
- Norbide :-
made by boron oxide with coke in about 27,000 degree celcius
@ Types Of abrasives :-
as abrasive are very hard so it can be use for the purpose of grinding , polishing and we know natural abrasive are so expensive so artificial abrasive are used in this purposes like as
i) carborundum
ii) silica carbide
@ Binding material :-
are those material which are used to bind abravise to a particular place from where they can be used for various purposes, these are of many types are as follow
- Ceramic ;-
in this abrasive grains are mixed with powdered feldspar and clay with water
- Shellac bond :-
in this shellac mixed grain and mixed with metallic mould later
- By rubber :-
in this abrasive bind with rubber when it is hot and after cooling abrasive permanently fixed on rubber
@ Abrasive Paper :-
these are also called abrasive cloth or in my locality its called sand paper because it surface seems like sand fixed on cloth and so rough even to polish any thing or cleaning
@ Electrical insulators ;-
these are those materials which are used to imsulate any part to electrical conducting system, it have many less electrically conducting power even equal to negligible ,so better to use in electrical conducting system which contain circuit
# Characteristics :-
- low conducting power
- good insulating power
- less resistivity power
- no free electron to carry conduct
@ Insulating material :-
these are those which act as insulator , they are following type
* Air which surrounds us also act as insulating materials
@ Dielectric Constant :-
these are those material which are store some electrical charges in it for later uses, i have low but not so much electrically conductivity, grether will be charged stored we want thin insulation we want in this dielectrical , capacitor are the example of this which store energy in it
# Dielectric material :-
these are those material which are act as dielectric material few example of these are :-
- Air :-
air also contain charge in very small amount
- Mineral oils :-
these type of oil contain polar or ionisation part which malke it dielectrically material
- Organic ester :-
tese type also show electrically dielectrically character
_ Fluids :-
there are some fluids like silicone or flourinated fluid which also act as diectrical constant
@ thermal Insulators :-
these are those insulator which have property of thermal insulation or literally mean no exchange of heat take place across them , this type of insulation mainly used in refrigrator, boiler when where heat loss create problem
# Classification :-
i) organic thermal insulation :-
woool, leather, silk act as natural occuring insulation which widely used incool or in winter season
ii) Inorganic thermal insulation ;-
slag fibers, porous silica, asbestos paper are act as inorganic insulators
@ Composite material;s :-
material system consisting of a mixture of two or more micro-constituents , which are mutually insoluble differering in form and forming a distinct phase
# Type :-
- Particulate :-
made by dispering particles of varying size shape and size of one material in matrix of another material
- Layered :-
these are in form of layered in pases
- Fibre :-
these include making fibre of particular thing and then this firm to make a particular sheet of this material which make so strong Ex:- glass fiber
# Advantage :-
* MOre strength
* More shock resistivity and thermal resistivity
* Low electrically conductivity
* Low THermal expansion
* Better resist to corossion
@ Abrasives :-
these are those substances which used to polishing, cutting, grinding of materials due to its hardness
- there hardness can be measured by Vicher scale in which
1st hardness comes with diamond then corundum, topaz, quartz and last one is talc
@ Diamond :-
hardest ever material found on earth, these are chemically inert and transparent in colour, due to its very refractive index it seems its shine
@ Corundum :-
it is crystallined form of aluminium oxide , it not much hard as diamond but hard enough to act as abrasive
@ Garnets :-
these are another form aluminium ,which is in form of trisilicaates of alumina
@ Quartz :-
these are made up of SiO2 unit
@ Some Artificial Abrasives :-
- Alundum :-
these are made up of mixture of calcined bauxite and coke with iron
- Carborundum :-
these are mixture of silica with carbon
- Norbide :-
made by boron oxide with coke in about 27,000 degree celcius
@ Types Of abrasives :-
as abrasive are very hard so it can be use for the purpose of grinding , polishing and we know natural abrasive are so expensive so artificial abrasive are used in this purposes like as
i) carborundum
ii) silica carbide
@ Binding material :-
are those material which are used to bind abravise to a particular place from where they can be used for various purposes, these are of many types are as follow
- Ceramic ;-
in this abrasive grains are mixed with powdered feldspar and clay with water
- Shellac bond :-
in this shellac mixed grain and mixed with metallic mould later
- By rubber :-
in this abrasive bind with rubber when it is hot and after cooling abrasive permanently fixed on rubber
@ Abrasive Paper :-
these are also called abrasive cloth or in my locality its called sand paper because it surface seems like sand fixed on cloth and so rough even to polish any thing or cleaning
@ Electrical insulators ;-
these are those materials which are used to imsulate any part to electrical conducting system, it have many less electrically conducting power even equal to negligible ,so better to use in electrical conducting system which contain circuit
# Characteristics :-
- low conducting power
- good insulating power
- less resistivity power
- no free electron to carry conduct
@ Insulating material :-
these are those which act as insulator , they are following type
* Air which surrounds us also act as insulating materials
@ Dielectric Constant :-
these are those material which are store some electrical charges in it for later uses, i have low but not so much electrically conductivity, grether will be charged stored we want thin insulation we want in this dielectrical , capacitor are the example of this which store energy in it
# Dielectric material :-
these are those material which are act as dielectric material few example of these are :-
- Air :-
air also contain charge in very small amount
- Mineral oils :-
these type of oil contain polar or ionisation part which malke it dielectrically material
- Organic ester :-
tese type also show electrically dielectrically character
_ Fluids :-
there are some fluids like silicone or flourinated fluid which also act as diectrical constant
@ thermal Insulators :-
these are those insulator which have property of thermal insulation or literally mean no exchange of heat take place across them , this type of insulation mainly used in refrigrator, boiler when where heat loss create problem
# Classification :-
i) organic thermal insulation :-
woool, leather, silk act as natural occuring insulation which widely used incool or in winter season
ii) Inorganic thermal insulation ;-
slag fibers, porous silica, asbestos paper are act as inorganic insulators
@ Composite material;s :-
material system consisting of a mixture of two or more micro-constituents , which are mutually insoluble differering in form and forming a distinct phase
# Type :-
- Particulate :-
made by dispering particles of varying size shape and size of one material in matrix of another material
- Layered :-
these are in form of layered in pases
- Fibre :-
these include making fibre of particular thing and then this firm to make a particular sheet of this material which make so strong Ex:- glass fiber
# Advantage :-
* MOre strength
* More shock resistivity and thermal resistivity
* Low electrically conductivity
* Low THermal expansion
* Better resist to corossion
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